UNIT 2

Fundamental rights and duties

Fundamental Rights

1) Right to Equity: It provides social civil and economic justice. It has following forms:

a) Equity before law.

b) Right against discrimination; No discrimination can be there in entry to public places on any basis

c) Right to Equal opportunity: It should be provided in public employment

d) Abolition of untouchability:

e) Abolition of Titles.

2) Right to freedom:

i. Freedom of speech and expression.

ii. Assemble peacefully without arms.

iii. Form association or union.

iv. Move freely in the territory of India.

v. Reside and settle in any part of India.

vi. Practice any profession, occupation, trade and business.

vii. No person can be punished except violating laws.

viii. Cannot be punished twice for same offence.

ix. No self-incrimination.

x. Right to be informed the ground of arrest.

xi. Right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest.

xii. Right to freedom within three months unless advised by Advisory board.

3) Right against exploitation: Prostitution and employing child below 14 years is prohibited to protect the health of citizen.

4) Right of Freedom of Religion:

5) Cultural and Educational rights: Any one is free to gain Education and be in any distinct. And no discrimination in grading aids for minority groups.

6) Rights to constitutional remedies: When the government encroaches on fundamental rights of the individuals can find remedies through the courts.

Fundamental Duties

1) To abide by the constitution respect its ideals and institutions, The National Flag, and the National Anthem.

2) To cherish and follow the noble ideas which inspired our national struggle from freedom.

3) To uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

4) To defense the country and render national service when called.

5) To promote the spirit of brotherhood among all Indians and linguistic and religious diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.

6) To value and preserve the rich heritage of India.

7) Protect and improve national natural environment and to have compassion for living creatures.

8) To develop scientific temper, Humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

9) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.

10) Toward excellence in all activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher level of endeavors and achievement.

11) To provide opportunity of education for the children between the age of 6 and 14.

Directive principles of state policy

Directive principles can be broadly classified in to 5 groups.

a) Directive principles related to social development.

i. Establishment of welfare states: The aims of all function and aim of government must be establishment of people’s social, economical and political justice.

ii. Rising in standard of living: The basic aim of government is to be better-off the public. Government must initiate and bring practice such policies.

iii. Protection of women and children: State must provide adequate facilities for this.

b) Directive principles related to economic development:

i. Provision of decent standard of living and alleviation of unemployment.

ii. Equal pay for equal work

iii. Equal distribution of wealth. No disparities.

iv. Equal distribution of factors of production. Must not be concentrated in few hands.

v. Protection if interest of workers

vi. Maintenance of health and cleanliness in factories.

vii. Right of workers to participate in management of industries.

viii. Development of agricultural sector.

c) Directive principles related to administrative development.

i. Integrated administrative system: A common law must apply in everywhere.

ii. Organizing Village Panchayats as unit of self government.

iii. Separating judiciary from executive

iv. .

d) Directive principles related to cultural development.

i. Free and compulsory education for children under age of 14

ii. Special education for people belonging to Scheduled Castes, Schedule Tribes and Other weaker sections and prohibition of their exploitation.

iii. Conservation of ancient monuments.

iv. Provide equal opportunities for all to develop their culture.

e) Directive principles related to international development:

State must make effort to promote international peace and amity and adopt policies which make peaceful relationship between other nations.